Lam, Yan Y., Redman, Leanne M., Smith, Steven R., Bray, George A., Greenway, Frank L., Johannsen, Darcy, Ravussin, Eric
funding text
Supported by NORC center grant P30DK072476; research grants R01 AG030226, R01 DK60412, U01 AG20478, and U01 AG022132 from the NIH; research grants 2005-34323-15741 and 58-6435-5-071 from the US-DA; and pharmaceutical companies (Takeda Pharmaceuticals of North America, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ethicon Endo Surgery, Beartown Pharma, Inc, and Archer-Daniel-Midland).
abstract
Background: Achieving energy balance is critical for the interpretation of results obtained in respiratory chambers. However, 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) predictions based on estimated resting metabolic rate and physical activity level are often inaccurate and imprecise. Objective: We aimed to develop and validate equations to better achieve energy balance in a respiratory chamber by adding or subtracting food items. Design: By using a randomized data set with measures of 24EE (n = 241) performed at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, we developed equations to predict 24EE from anthropometric, demographic, and body composition variables before and at 3 and 7 h into the chamber measurement. The equations were tested on an independent data set (n = 240) and compared with published predictive equations. Results: By using anthropometric and demographic variables, the equation was as follows: 24EE (kcal/d) = 11.6 [weight (kg)] + 8.03 [height (cm)] - 3.45 [age (y)] + 217 (male) - 52 (African American) - 235. The mean prediction error was 29 +/- 155 kcal/d (2046 6 305 compared with 2055 +/- 343 kcal/d for measured 24EE; P = 0.36). The prediction achieved a precision of 610% of measured 24EE in 83% of the participants. Energy prescription was then refined by equations with the use of energy expenditure values after 3 h, 7 h, or both into the chamber study. These later equations improved the precision (610% of measured 24EE) to 92% (P = 0.003) and 96% (P < 0.0001) of the participants at 3 and 7 h, respectively. Body composition did not improve 24EE predictions. Conclusions: We showed the use of a set of equations to prescribe and adjust energy intake to achieve energy balance in respiratory chambers over 24 h. These equations may be used in most respiratory chambers and modified to accommodate exercise or specific feeding protocols. Some of the data used in this study were from trials registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00493701, NCT00099151, NCT00565149, NCT01672632, NCT00945633, NCT00829140, NCT00936130, NCT01275235, NCT01898949, NCT01775163, and NCT00943215.