Fonsecaea species have been reported as causative agents of chromoblastomycosis, eumycetoma, and fungal pneumonitis. However, Fonsecaea rarely involves the CNS, with few cases of cerebral infection reported in the literature. Fonsecaea monophora may have greater neurotropic potential than other species of this genus. We describe a rare presentation of brain abscess caused by F monophora in an immunocompromised renal transplant patient. [Infect Med. 2008;25:469-473]